taqidoc

10 healthy habits your kids will love.

Posted on May 5, 2010 by taqidoc| 2 Comments

Forget Happy Meals, sweet and computer games-here are 10 ways to get your children on the road to a healthier life.

According to the Government’s National Diet and Nutrition survey, 92% of children consume more saturated fat than the maximum recommended level for adults, and 83% consume added sugars higher than suggested adult levels. Not surprisingly, our children are getting fatter, and many experts are warning that the problem is getting out of hand. For the first time, there’s a very real chance that parents could start outliving their offspring, due to obesity-related diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

Here are some tips and ideas on how to keep your kids healthy.

1. Honesty is the best policy

Try to resist sneaking vegetables onto your plates – children are not stupid! Instead encourage them to help you in in the kitchen and explain to them what ingredients you are using and why they’re healthy .Show them how tasty sauces can be when you add some chopped veg.

2. Avoid the dirty dozen

Some ingredients found in pre packed food especially those marketed at children may be detrimental to their health. According to Organix, these are 12 offenders and where they can be found :

a) Mechanically recovered / separated meat – sausages

b) MSG E621

c) Sodium 5-ribonucleopeptide E635 – snacks

d) Aspartame – soft drinks, snacks

e) Acesulfame K – snacks and soft drinks.

f) Sodium saccharide – snacks and soft drinks.

g) Sodium benzoate E211 – many soft and fizzy drinks and food sauces

h) Sulphur dioxide E220 – soft drinks and some meat

i) Artificial colorings.

j) High salt content – processed food such as tomato ketchup and soup.

k) Hydrogenated and saturated fat – fatty foods like take-aways, burgers, chocolate and crisps.

l) Refined sugar – sugary foods and cereal bars.

3. Exchange bad for good

There are so many easy ways you can swap junk food for healthier alternatives without losing out on flavour.

Out with the old…	In with the new..
Burger,chips,beans	Chicken and sweetcorn burgers,potato wedges in their skins, beans
Sugary cereals,fruit juice	Fresh fruit,glass of milk,muesli
Salty crisps	Sweet potato wedges,crispy vegetable batons
Fuzzy drinks	Fruit juice mixed with sparkling spring water
Sausages, potato waffles	Grilled chicken and vegetable kebabs,onion mash

4.Don’t be too strict

Tastes for salty and sweet foods are developed early in life. So, it is OK to let your children take sweet food like fruit desserts,rice puddings and custards as they supply important nutrients such as vitamin C, calcium and protein. But make sure they eat a generally balanced diet.

5.What makes a good lunch?

School lunches have had a bad press of late, so turn your back on pre-packed produce and make your own lunches that are brimming with good nutrition.

a) Keep the fats healthy – nuts, seeds, and olive oil all contain unsaturated fats which are good for health.

b) Wholegrain reign – If you are sending them off to school with a sandwich, opt for more nutritious wholegrain varieties of bread rather than refined white bread.

c) Think before they drink – It’s no good packing them a feast of raw vegetable if it’s washed down with a can of mirinda or pepsi. Give your kids milk, water or pure fruit juice.

d) Variety is the spice of life – Boredom can result in children picking at meals and then snacking later on fatty items.

6. Snack Attack

When hunger strikes, serve them with something that will not only keep the kids fulfilled but full of calories. Here are some child-friendly options: crackers, home made popcorn,yoghurt,raisins and rice cakes.

7. Dump the junk

Check out these 3 great ideas for getting more healthy foods into junk-food mad kids, from What Really Works for Kids by Susan Clark.

Make frozen yoghurt to keep in the freezer. Just add pureed fruits to live plain yoghurt and freeze.
Enhance the nutritional value of daily staples by adding fruit to breakfast cereals, yoghurt and ice creams.
Thicken sauces with vegetables purees instead of cream and milk.

8. Keep a well stocked fruit bowl

Instead of stocking up the sweetie cupboard, pile the fruit bowl high with tempting fresh produce.

9. Make fitness fun

One of the main reasons for childhood obesity is lack of physical activity. If your children are not particularly active,don’t worry. Kids are naturally active, so should not really need much encouragement to get involved in energetic pursuits.

10. Find TV alternatives

The prevalence of TV and computers combined with parents’ reluctance to allow their offpring out to play in parks and public places has been blamed for our children’s increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Another worry is that children who watch TV four hours of TV a day are exposed to as many as 40 food commercials. This barrage of advertising is often aimed specifically at children and promotes high fat, unhealthy food. So what can you do?

a) Monitor what they watch on TV.

b) Round up your children’s friends and head for the park. The kid can run around and let off steam.

c) Draw up a chart and reward kids with a star every time they eat portion of fruit or veg.

d) One evening a week, switch the TV off and play a family games.

What is a balanced diet for children?

A balanced diet should include the following food groups:

1. Fruit and vegetables ( at least 5 portions per day )

2. Bread,other cereals and potatoes ( with every meal )

3. Milk and dairy products ( several servings per day )

4. Meat, fish and vegetarian alternatives ( 1 or 2 servings a day )

5. Foods containing saturated fat and refined sugar should be limited.

* If you are at all concerned with your child’s health then you should always consult your GP.

Posted in Health

Death threat against Nik Aziz.

Posted on May 2, 2010 by taqidoc| Comments Off

2010/05/02

KUALA LUMPUR: The PAS Youth wing today lodged a police report over a death threat made against the party’s spiritual leader, Datuk Nik Aziz Nik Mat, which was carried by a website.

The report was lodged by the PAS national youth leader Nasrudin Hassan At-Tantawi at the Chow Kit police station after reading about the death threat which appeared on the Facebook of an individual on Thursday.

“I became aware of the threat after reading the comment of a man using the name Mohd Safuan Mohd Hilmi, which was written on Thursday night.

“In his website, the man said he was willing to face the death penalty if he could kill Nik Aziz, who is also the Kelantan Menteri Besar,” he said when met by reporters at the police station here yesterday.

Meanwhile, Dang Wangi district police chief, ACP Mohd Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman confirmed receiving the report.

“We will investigate and track down the individual who had posted the death threat on his website,” he said. — Bernama

Mohd Safuan’s facebook account was terminated due to his comment and luckily someone was able to record every single comments he did.

What an outrageous comment !!. If he really a good muslim, he wouldn’t make such comments…

Because of his comments in facebook, not only a lot of people condemning him but there’s also police report lodged against him.

His details are as follow

I don’t know how they got his IC number but they are pretty good. For those who hates him you can visit him there…hehe

Anyway my advice to me and you all, don’t just simply threaten people or spread untrue rumours because we are being watched…

For more info, you can visit:

Herman Shamsuddin

Sekilas

Posted in Politics

Love, sex and the male brain.

Posted on April 26, 2010 by taqidoc| 2 Comments

This article was written by Louann Brizendine. I found it interesting on how she explains about the topic. Just want to share it with you all.

March 25, 2010 — Updated 2233 GMT (0633 HKT)

(CNN) — Although women the world over have been doing it for centuries, we can’t really blame a guy for being a guy. And this is especially true now that we know that the male and female brains have some profound differences.

Our brains are mostly alike. We are the same species, after all. But the differences can sometimes make it seem like we are worlds apart.

The “defend your turf” area — dorsal premammillary nucleus — is larger in the male brain and contains special circuits to detect territorial challenges by other males. And his amygdala, the alarm system for threats, fear and danger is also larger in men. These brain differences make men more alert than women to potential turf threats.

Meanwhile, the “I feel what you feel” part of the brain — mirror-neuron system — is larger and more active in the female brain. So women can naturally get in sync with others’ emotions by reading facial expressions, interpreting tone of voice and other nonverbal emotional cues.

Perhaps the biggest difference between the male and female brain is that men have a sexual pursuit area that is 2.5 times larger than the one in the female brain. Not only that, but beginning in their teens, they produce 20 to 25-fold more testosterone than they did during pre-adolescence.

If testosterone were beer, a 9-year-old boy would be getting the equivalent of a cup a day. But a 15-year-old would be getting the equivalent of nearly two gallons a day. This fuels their sexual engines and makes it impossible for them to stop thinking about female body parts and sex.

And so begins the ‘Man Trance’

All that testosterone drives the “Man Trance”– that glazed-eye look a man gets when he sees breasts. As a woman who was among the ranks of the early feminists, I wish I could say that men can stop themselves from entering this trance. But the truth is, they can’t. Their visual brain circuits are always on the lookout for fertile mates. Whether or not they intend to pursue a visual enticement, they have to check out the goods.

To a man, this is the most natural response in the world, so he’s dismayed by how betrayed his wife or girlfriend feels when she sees him eyeing another woman. Men look at attractive women the way we look at pretty butterflies. They catch the male brain’s attention for a second, but then they flit out of his mind. Five minutes later, while we’re still fuming, he’s deciding whether he wants ribs or chicken for dinner. He asks us, “What’s wrong?” We say, “Nothing.” He shrugs and turns on the TV. We smolder and fear that he’ll leave us for another woman.

Not surprisingly, the different objectives that men and women have in mating games put us on opposing teams — at least at first. The female brain is driven to seek security and reliability in a potential mate before she has sex. But a male brain is fueled to mate and mate again. Until, that is, he mates for life.

Despite stereotypes to the contrary, the male brain can fall in love just as hard and fast as the female brain, and maybe more so. When he meets and sets his sights on capturing “the one,” mating with her becomes his prime directive. And when he succeeds, his brain makes an indelible imprint of her. Lust and love collide and he’s hooked.

The ‘Doting Daddy Brain’

A man in hot pursuit of a mate doesn’t even remotely resemble a devoted, doting daddy. But that’s what his future holds. When his mate becomes pregnant, she’ll emit pheromones that will waft into his nostrils, stimulating his brain to make more of a hormone called prolactin. Her pheromones will also cause his testosterone production to drop by 30 percent.

These hormonal changes make him more likely to help with the baby. They also change his perceptual circuitry, increasing his ability to hear a baby cry, something many men can’t do very well before their wives are pregnant.

And a word to the wise for all the young mothers who are reluctant to let your husbands hold and care for your newborn. The more hands-on care a father gives his infant, the more his brain aligns with the role of fatherhood. So, hand over the baby.

His emotions run deep

Although men have earned the reputation for being more stoic than women, they actually have stronger emotional reactions than we do. They just don’t show it very often.

Studies of men’s faces show that the male brain’s initial emotional reaction can be stronger than the female brain’s. But within 2.5 seconds, he changes his face to hide the emotion, or even reverse it. The repeated practice of hiding his emotions gives men the classic poker face.

It’s his poker face and his analytical response to personal problems that can put him in the doghouse. She’s crying as she talks about what’s wrong with the relationship, and instead of hugging her, his mind is racing to find a way to resolve the problem as soon as possible. With practice and because of the way their brains are wired, men use their analytical brain structures, not their emotional ones, to find a solution.

They enjoy this advantage, but women often take affront to it. When you’re telling your husband your problem and he tries to solve it instead of hearing you out, you may think he’s being insensitive. But that’s not what’s going on in his brain. He’s working to solve the problem so he can relieve your pain as quickly as possible. Not because he doesn’t care or doesn’t want to listen, but because he loves you.

‘Lovable Grandpas’ and ‘Grumpy Old Men’

As men age, the male brain hormones change and the male brain and body goes into the stage of life called andropause. The king of male hormones — testosterone — goes down and the queen of female hormones — estrogen — goes up. Whether Grandpa is your kids’ hero or the grouch they hate to visit depends a lot on how he handles these hormonal changes. For example, if his testosterone levels drop to an abnormally low level, he can feel tired, irritable and even depressed. Some men in this condition seek hormone replacement therapy and others find relief in exercise, more frequent sex, and spending more time with other people.

The grandpa that kids can’t wait to see is the one who’s feeling the effects of the hormone oxytocin, often called the “cuddle hormone.” He’s fun and playful and likes to hear what his grandchildren have to say. He’s much more patient with your children than he was with you, when you were growing up. The love circuits of the mature male brain can be hijacked by his grandkids, even more than they were by his own children.

The ‘Lonely Hearts Club’

Not only is the mature male brain more receptive to closer bonds, but it’s also more sensitive to loneliness. Nobody thrives when they’re lonely, but it seems to take a major toll on older men. Sixty percent of divorces in couples over the age of 50 are initiated by women, leaving their husbands shell-shocked and devastated.

Once his wife leaves, unless he makes a point of socializing more with other people, his brain stops getting the social workout it needs to make him feel good about himself. If he becomes a loner, his social-approval circuits don’t get activated. In brain scan studies of older males researchers have found that the brain’s pleasure and reward areas, the VTA and the NAc, remain more active in men who are social. So don’t begrudge the divorcee or the new widower some socializing and seeking female companionship.

The bottom line

The human brain is the best learning machine on the planet and human beings are capable of making major changes in our lives. But there are some things that the male brain and female brain are not likely to change anytime soon. And it makes more sense to deal with these brain realities, than to argue with them or ignoring them.

The best advice I have for women is make peace with the male brain. Let men be men.

Original source : CNN

Posted in behaviour

Tagged male brain

France, Belgium to ban niqab from public spaces.

Posted on April 23, 2010 by taqidoc| Comments Off

Thursday, 22 April 2010

Brussels, April 22: Paris: France and Belgium are steadfast in ban on face coverings worn by Muslim women.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy on Wednesday ordered legislation that would ban women from wearing Islamic veils that hide the face in the street and other public places.

In seeking to forbid the garment from public view, Sarkozy defied the advice of experts sought by the government who warned that such a broad ban risked contravening France’s Constitution.

Such a measure would put France on the same track as Belgium, which is also moving toward a complete ban in a similar reaction as Islamic culture has come in conflict with native European values. Sarkozy has repeatedly said that such clothing oppresses women and is “not welcome” in France.

Belgian lawmakers are set on Thursday to impose a ban on wearing the Islamic burqa in public, the first clampdown of its kind in Europe, unless the nation’s political crisis disrupts their vote.

On March 31, the federal Parliament’s home affairs committee voted unanimously to endorse a nationwide ban on clothes or veils that do not allow the wearer to be fully identified, including the full-face niqab and burqa.

Those who ignore it could face a fine of EUR 15-25 (USD 20-34) and/or a jail sentence of up to seven days, unless they have police permission to wear the garments.

France

Government spokesman Luc Chatel said after Wednesday’s weekly Cabinet meeting that the President decided the government should submit a bill to Parliament in May on an overall ban on burqa-like veils.

“The ban on veils covering the whole face should be general, in every public space, because the dignity of women cannot be put in doubt,” Chatel said.

The decision to seek a full ban, rather than a limited ban, came as a surprise. After a Cabinet meeting just a week ago, the government spokesman announced a decision for legislation that bans the veil but takes into account conclusions on the matter by the Council of State, France’s highest administrative office.

The government had sought the council’s opinion to ensure a law would pass constitutional muster. The Council of State advised that a full ban would be “legally very fragile”. A six-month parliamentary inquiry also concluded that a full ban would raise constitutional issues, as well as enforcement problems.

“It’s a transgression, an aggression even, on the level of personal liberty,” said Abdellatif Lemsibak, a member of the National Federation of Muslims of France. “The Muslims have the right to an orthodox expression of their religion … it shocks me.”

France is a firmly secular country but has western Europe’s largest Muslim population, estimated at some five million. France worries about clashes in values as well as about a spread of radical Islam. Authorities widely see the veil in light of gender equality and security issues.

Belgium

In neighbouring Belgium, a similar initiative for a ban on full veils in public places, including in the streets, is expected to become law in July.

The governing parties and opposition agree on the move, and the full house is widely expected to easily endorse the draft law, which is on the agenda for Thursday.

But a deep political crisis is looming after a party threatened to pull out of the government if tense negotiations between the French and Dutch-language communities on power-sharing are not finalised in 24 hours.

“There is a hitch. The agenda of the chamber could be thrown into disarray depending on how the political situation evolves,” one official said.

A leading rights watchdog late Wednesday warned against the move saying it would be counterproductive.

“Bans like this lead to a lose-lose situation,” said Judith Sunderland, senior Western Europe researcher at Human Rights Watch. “They violate the rights of those who choose to wear the veil and do nothing to help those who are compelled to do so.”

It said there was no evidence that wearing the full veil in public threatened public safety, public order, health, morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.

-Agencies

Original source : Siasat.com

Posted in Islam

Tagged religious practice

Tonsilitis.

Posted on April 21, 2010 by taqidoc| Comments Off

Pengenalan

Tonsil merupakan tisu limfoid yang berada pada kedua-dua bahagian tekak manusia. Inflamasi tonsil dinamakan tonsillitis. Tonsilitis boleh wujud dalam bentuk akut tonsillitis, kronik tonsillitis, tonsillitis berulang kali dan yang paling teruk dinamakan peritonsillar abscess ( tonsil bernanah ).

Penyakit ini selalunya berlaku pada kanak-kanak dan boleh berlaku sekiranya pesakit mempunyai ahli keluarga yang telah menjalani pembedahan pembuangan tonsil.

Sungguhpun ia kerap berlaku pada kanak-kanak, tetapi ia jarang sekali berlaku kepada kanak-kanak yang berusia kurang daripada 2 tahun.

Tonsilitis yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus selalunya berlaku pada kanak-kanak berusia 5-15 tahun manakala tonsillitis yang disebabkan oleh virus selalunya berlaku pada kanak-kanak yang lebih muda usianya.

Peritonsillar abscess ( PTA ) biasanya berlaku pada golongan remaja, tetapi ianya boleh juga berlaku kepada kanak-kanak.

Akut tonsillitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteria sebagaimana di atas.Tonsil kelihatan membengkak dan merah beserta keluar nanah.Uvula kelihatan di tengah-tengah antara 2 tonsil.

Apakah penyebab tonsillitis ?

Kebanyakan serangan penyakit tonsillitis adalah disebabkan oleh virus seperti :

HSV
EBV
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes viruses
Adenovirus
Measles virus

Bakteria pula hanya menyumbang 15-30% kepada penyakit tonsillitis.Bakteria anerobik memainkan peranan yang penting dalam penyakit ini.

Apakah simptom-simptom tonsillitis ?

Sejarah menentukan jenis tonsillitis samada ianya akut, berulang atau kronik.

Akut tonsillitis.

Simptom-simptom akut tonsillitis termasuk demam, sakit tekak, nafas berbau, susah untuk menelan, sakit untuk menelan, berdengkur, bernafas melalui mulut, letih dan lemah badan. Simptom selalunya hilang selepas 3-4 hari. Akan tetapi ia boleh bertahan selama 2 minggu sekalipun diberi rawatan yang cukup.2.

Tonsilitis berulang.

Keadaan ini berlaku apabila pesakit mengalami serangan tonsillitis sebanyak 7 kali dalam setahun, 5 jangkitan dalam masa 2 tahun berturut-turut ataupun 3 jangkitan setiap tahun dalam masa 3 tahun berturut-turut.

Kronik tonsillitis.

Simptom-simptom kronik tonsillitis termasuklah sakit tekak yang berpanjangan, mulut berbau, tonsillitis dan sakit kalenjar servikal berterusan.

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) ( tonsil bernanah ).

Simptom-simptom tonsil bernanah termasuklah sakit tekak yang teramat sangat, demam, air liur meleleh, nafas berbau, susah untuk membuka mulut dan serak suara.

Bagaimanakah penyakit ini didiagnosakan?

Sebenarnya penyakit ini boleh sahaja didiagnosakan berdasarkan simptom-simptom yang ditunjukkan oleh pesakit. Akan tetapi pemeriksaan fizikal penting untuk memastikan penyakit tersebut adalah tonsillitis.

Pemeriksaan yang dijalankan oleh doktor sebagaimana di bawah:

Pemeriksaan tonsil dan farinx.

Penemuan positif bagi pesakit tonsillitis adalah sebagaimana di dalam gambar di bawah. Tonsil kelihatan bengkak dan merah. Kadang-kadang, nanah mungkin turut kelihatan.

Di dalam keadaan yang teruk, pesakit mungkin mengalami perubahan suara dan bernafas melalui mulut disebabkan oleh pembengkakan tonsil.

Sakit kalenjar servikal dan ketegangan otot leher mungkin boleh wujud ketika serangan penyakit ini.

Di dalam kes peritonsillar abscess (PTA), farinx kelihatan bengkak dan merah dan pesakit tidak dapat membuka mulut kerana sakit. Selalunya tonsil yang bengkak adalah berbentuk unilateral di mana salah satu tonsil adalah lebih besar berbanding yang satu lagi. Selain daripada penemuan fizikal di atas, sakit kalenjar servikal,sakit telinga di bahagian yang berkenaan dan torticollis boleh wujud.

Selain daripada perkara-perkara di atas, doktor juga akan memeriksa kulit beserta mukosa pesakit untuk melihat tanda-tanda kekurangan air di dalam badan.

Terdapat beberapa kes yang patut diambil pertimbangan semasa melakukan pemeriksaan farinx dan tonsil.

Kes-kes seperti Infectious mononucleosis dan jangkitan virus Herpes simplex mempunyai cirri-ciri tambahan yang berbeza.

Dalam kes Infectious mononucleosis, selain daripada akut tonsillitis, penyakit ini juga menunjukkan penemuan fizikal lain seperti sakit kalenjar axilla, servikal dan inguinal beserta limpa yang bengkak, letih yang amat sangat,sakit-sakit badan dan demam bersuhu rendah mengiringi akut tonsillitis. Penemuan fizikal yang paling penting membezakan infectious mononucleosis dengan akut tonsillitis yang lain ialah terdapatnya selaput berwarna kelabu yang meliputi tonsil yang membengkak sebagaimana gambar di bawah. Selaput ini boleh dibuang tanpa berlaku pendarahan.

Gambar di atas menunjukkan tonsillitis yang disebabkan oleh jangkitan Epstein-Barr (infectious mononucleosis). Tonsil yang bengkak diselaputi oleh lapisan putih kekelabuan.

Berbeza dengan kes jangkitan virus herpes simplex, penemuan fizikal yang boleh didapati pada pesakit ialah farinx kelihatan merah, tonsil kelihatan bengkak dan kadang-kadang terdapat ulcer pada permukaan tonsil. Selain itu, radang gusi dan radang bibir boleh wujud pada pesakit.

Di dalam kes tonsillitis ini, perlukah ujian makmal dijalankan?

Tonsilitis dan peritonsillar abscess ( PTA ) boleh didiagnosis secara klinikal iaitu berdasarkan simptom-simptom dan penemuan fizikal oleh doktor.

Pemeriksaan makmal hanya dilakukan sekiranya jangkitan tonsil disyaki disebabkan oleh Kumpulan A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Di dalam kes ini sample diambil daripada tekak pesakit kemudian dikultur di dalam makmal. Kultur dari tekak pesakit untuk mengesan kumpulan A beta-hemolytic streptococcus adalah 90-95% sensitif. Berbeza pula dengan rapid streptococcal test kerana ia adalah kurang sensitif berbanding kultur tekak pesakit.Walau bagaimanapun, masa yang diperlukan untuk mengesan bakteria di dalam kultur dari tekak mengambil masa yang lama berbanding rapid streptococcal test. Ini menjadi faktor penggunaan rapid streptocoocal test lebih praktikal berbanding kultur dari tekak pesakit.

Selain ujian makmal di atas, ujian serum Monospot ( untuk mengesan infectious mononucleosis yang disebabkan oleh virus Epstein-Barr ), CBC (complete blood count) dan paras elektrolit di dalam serum mungkin dibuat.

Bagaimana tonsillitis dirawat?

Rawatan akut tonsillitis bertumpu kepada pengekalan air di dalam badan dan juga pengambilan kalori yang cukup . Selain itu, ia juga bertumpu kepada pengawalan sakit dan demam.

Ketidakmampuan mengekalkan pengambilan air dan kalori yang cukup boleh menyebabkan pesakit terpaksa mengambil gentian air secara intravenous, antibiotik dan pengawalan sakit. Kortikosteroid secara intravenous mungkin diberi untuk mengurangkan pembengkakan pharynx.

Rawatan yang diberikan semasa terkena tonsillitis sebagaimana di bawah :

Paracetamol dapat mengurangkan sakit dan demam.
Elakkan makanan yang keras, rangup, berempah dan pedas dapat mempercepatkan proses penyembuhan.
Banyakkan berehat.
Banyakkan minum air.
Corticosteroid boleh memendekkan tempoh demam dan radang farinx di dalam kes infectious mononucleosis.
Antibiotik selalunya dipreskripsikan apabila berlakunya radang farinx yang disebabkan oleh bacteria. Ampicillin dan cephalexin selalunya dipreskripsikan akan tetapi ia patut dielakkan penggunaannya sekiranya disyaki infectious mononucleosis. Erythromycin patut digunakan di dalam kes infectious mononucleosis.

Preskripsi antibiotik patut diberikan di dalam kes:

Tonsil bernanah.
Demam.
Peningkatan sel darah putih di dalam darah.
Pesakit mendapat jangkitan daripada pesakit yang telah dijangkiti oleh Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Di dalam banyak kes, inflamasi farinx yang disebabkan oleh bakteria dan virus adalah mustahil untuk dibezakan secara klinikal.

Kepentingan rawatan Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus dengan antibiotik ialah :

Untuk mengelak terjadinya demam rheumatik.
Pencegahan daripada berlakunya komplikasi tonsil bernanah.
Mengurangkan simptom-simptom dan tanda-tanda tonsillitis.
Mengelakkan perebakan jangkitan yang disebabkan oleh Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Mengurangkan kesan sampingan rawatan antibiotik yang tidak sesuai.

Bilakah kalenjar tonsil patut dibuang?

Tonsilitis berulang

Kalenjar tonsil patut dibuang sekiranya pesakit mendapat serangan penyakit tonsillitis sebanyak 6 kali dalam masa 1 tahun, 3 atau lebih jangkitan tonsil dalam masa 1 tahun sekalipun diberi rawatan perubatan, kronik atau jangkitan berulang yang dikaitkan dengan pembawa streptococcus yang tidak memberikan kesan kepada antibiotik yang tahan beta-lactamase.

Tonsilitis berulang selepas pembuangan tonsil adalah jarang sekali.

Tonsilitis selepas pembuangan tonsil mungkin disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan semula tisu tonsil yang mana dirawat dengan membuang tisu tersebut.

Kronik Tonsilitis

Rawatan terbaik untuk kronik tonsillitis ialah pembedahan pembuangan tonsil. Walau bagaimanapun risiko pendarahan semasa dan selepas pembedahan harus diambil kira sebelum ia dilakukan kerana tonsil mungkin sudah berparut. Pertimbangan ini mempengaruhi pemilihan peralatan semasa pembedahan dan keputusan untuk membenarkan pesakit balik.

Tonsillitis di dalam kes Infectious mononucleosis:

Pembesaran tonsil yang kekal selepas jangkitan infectious mononucleosis dan menyebabkan saluran pernafasan tersumbat perlu pembedahan pembuangan tonsil.

Peritonsillar abscess – PTA( Tonsil bernanah )

Rawatan untuk PTA termasuklah aspiration( nanah ditarik keluar dengan menggunakan jarum ) dan Incision and drainage( tonsil dibelah dan nanah ditarik keluar).

Pembedahan pembuangan tonsil dilakukan untuk kes PTA apabila ia dikaitkan dengan kronik atau tonsillitis berulang.

Bolehkah jangkitan pada kelenjar tonsil dielakkan?

1.Radang tonsil yang disebabkan sakit kerongkong (diphtheria) boleh dielakkan dengan pengambilan immunisasi.

2.Kalau tidak dibuang pencegahan tidak dapat dilakukan.

3.Elakkan pesakit yang mempunyai keimunan rendah seperti pesakit HIV atau pesakit yang sentiasa mengambil kortikosteroid amat berguna.

4.Pemberian immunisasi dapat mencegah radang tonsil yang disebabkan diphtheria,

namun begitu ianya sukar dicegah. Elakkan daripada bergaul dengan kanak kanak

yang ada selsema dan batuk.

Bolehkah radang tonsil mengakibatkan gejala yang teruk selain dari sakit tekak ?

Komplikasi yang teruk telah di kenal pasti. Ini termasuk:

Deman rheumatik (jangkitan diselaput jantung) disebabkan bakteria sreptokokus dan tidak mengambil antibiotik dengan secukupnya.
Radang buah pinggang (acute glomerulonephritis) juga kerana jangkitan streptococcus.
Pangkal kelenjar tonsil yang bernanah perlu rawatan kecemasan.
Radang tonsil yang berulang boleh menjelaskan kesihatan kanak-kanak dan kualiti hidupnya.